{"id":24662,"date":"2026-05-28T13:51:44","date_gmt":"2026-05-28T06:51:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vnso.vn\/?p=24662"},"modified":"2026-05-28T13:51:44","modified_gmt":"2026-05-28T06:51:44","slug":"supervised-learning-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vnso.vn\/en\/supervised-learning-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"Supervised Learning l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00e1ch AI d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ng\u00e0y nay, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Machine Learning (m\u00e1y h\u1ecdc)<\/strong><\/a> \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0a ra d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t ph\u00eda sau s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Supervised Learning (h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t).<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u00fap AI \u201ch\u1ecdc t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n \u0111\u00fang\u201d, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u00e1ch con ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc th\u00f4ng qua v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng AI hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t, l\u1ecdc spam email, \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t n\u1ed9i dung hay d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n h\u00e0nh vi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Supervised Learning l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n

Supervised Learning l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n AI b\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn nh\u00e3n (labeled data). M\u1ed7i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n \u201c\u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n \u0111\u00fang\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 AI h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n AI nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n m\u00e8o v\u00e0 ch\u00f3, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n \u201cm\u00e8o\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cch\u00f3\u201d. AI sau \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn ra \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng nh\u00f3m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n khi g\u1eb7p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh training th\u01b0\u1eddng di\u1ec5n ra li\u00ean t\u1ee5c theo v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p. AI nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, \u0111\u01b0a ra d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n, so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n th\u1eadt r\u1ed3i t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m sai s\u1ed1. Sau h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u l\u1ea7n l\u1eb7p, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh s\u1ebd ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Theo IBM, Supervised Learning hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt Machine Learning ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t nh\u1edd kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

>>> Xem th\u00eam Machine Learning l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"Supervised<\/a><\/p>\n

AI h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong Supervised Learning?<\/h2>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung Supervised Learning gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc sinh b\u1eb1ng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/strong>. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean li\u00ean t\u1ee5c cho h\u1ecdc sinh xem \u1ea3nh qu\u1ea3 t\u00e1o v\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u201c\u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u00e1o\u201d. Sau h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn l\u1ea7n l\u1eb7p v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c nhau, h\u1ecdc sinh d\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m chung c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3 t\u00e1o nh\u01b0 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng hay texture b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n

AI c\u0169ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. Thay v\u00ec \u201cghi nh\u1edb\u201d t\u1eebng b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh ri\u00eang l\u1ebb, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh s\u1ebd c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u00ecm ra pattern (m\u1eabu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u) \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c khi g\u1eb7p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Supervised Learning n\u1eb1m \u1edf ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u sai, thi\u1ebfu ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb l\u1ec7ch, AI c\u0169ng s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc sai. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u1edbn hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c thu th\u1eadp, l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 g\u1eafn nh\u00e3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u AI.<\/p>\n

D\u1eef li\u1ec7u g\u1eafn nh\u00e3n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h3>\n

Trong Supervised Learning, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u g\u1eafn nh\u00e3n g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a AI. N\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u sai nh\u00e3n, thi\u1ebfu \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, thi\u00ean l\u1ec7ch ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 \u00edt th\u00ec m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh s\u1ebd d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n k\u00e9m d\u00f9 thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu AI nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c train b\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng thi\u1ebfu ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c. Theo MIT Technology Review, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t t\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t AI hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Hai d\u1ea1ng b\u00e0i to\u00e1n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Supervised Learning<\/h2>\n

Classification (ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i)<\/h3>\n

Classification l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng b\u00e0i to\u00e1n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n nh\u00e3n ho\u1eb7c nh\u00f3m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t trong Supervised Learning.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5, AI c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh email l\u00e0 spam hay kh\u00f4ng spam, nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn t\u00edch c\u1ef1c hay ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n giao d\u1ecbch gian l\u1eadn trong ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng AI camera, Face Recognition hay chatbot moderation hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean classification.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho classification g\u1ed3m Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine v\u00e0 Neural Network.<\/p>\n

\"Hai<\/a><\/p>\n

Regression (h\u1ed3i quy)<\/h3>\n

Regression d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1 thay v\u00ec ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00e0nh t\u1eebng nh\u00f3m. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, AI c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n gi\u00e1 nh\u00e0, doanh thu th\u00e1ng sau, nhu c\u1ea7u mua h\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i marketing. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi classification, regression th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ho\u1eb7c d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n

Thay v\u00ec tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u201cc\u00f3\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d, AI s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a ra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0:<\/strong><\/p>\n

– Gi\u00e1 c\u0103n h\u1ed9 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n kho\u1ea3ng 3,2 t\u1ef7 VN\u0110<\/p>\n

– Doanh thu th\u00e1ng t\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 1,4 t\u1ef7 VN\u0110<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n Supervised Learning ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/h2>\n

Linear Regression<\/h3>\n

Linear Regression l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Machine Learning c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t. Thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n n\u00e0y t\u00ecm m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5, AI c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc r\u1eb1ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch nh\u00e0 c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn th\u00ec gi\u00e1 b\u00e1n th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e0ng cao.<\/p>\n

\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Linear Regression n\u1eb1m \u1edf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd nhanh v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y kh\u00f3 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c b\u00e0i to\u00e1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p ho\u1eb7c phi tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

Logistic Regression<\/h3>\n

D\u00f9 c\u00f3 t\u00ean \u201cRegression\u201d, thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5, AI c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 mua h\u00e0ng hay kh\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 nh\u1ea5n v\u00e0o qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Logistic Regression hi\u1ec7n v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u trong marketing automation, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch CRM v\u00e0 fintech nh\u1edd kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tri\u1ec3n khai nhanh v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed t\u00ednh to\u00e1n th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n

Decision Tree<\/h3>\n

Decision Tree ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ed1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng c\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

AI s\u1ebd li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n